【高考英语冲刺笔记整理】高中英语作文技巧
作文
1、包装
①书写、习惯
②格式（如书信右上角的时间）、结构（两头小、中间大、字数分配50-80-50）
↗长句↖
③选词造句→短句←交错使用（15句，1/3写长句，30字左右，长句后接一两句短句过渡）
↘难句：强调句（最好使）
2、货真价实
↗情景文字
①不要跑题（跑题则一半分数以下），审题（三维）→提纲
↘图或表上的信息
②内容衔接（思维跨度不要太大）→总述和概述
↘注意句子完整
③方法多样性
一、大作文
（一）描绘：描述性语言、可加议论性观点
（二）议述：作者意图、个人评价
（三）总结（好的：预期一下未来；坏的：采取措施防治）/ 例证
具体讲：
（一） 描绘：总体背景介绍+细节刻画图或表上的信息
1、背景介绍
例一：人类克隆（试管婴儿 / 一个老婆四个一模一样的老公，“谁才是真的？”）
The problem of the use of genetic technologies on human being has [caused/aroused public concern]/[loomed up/cropped up as a burning/challenging topic].
例二：中国青少年犯罪比率上升（表）
In the recent years,Chinaexperienced/witnessed/was plagued with an alarming increase in juvenile delinquency.
例三：人和社会的发展与环境的协调（寓意图、对比图）
Currently, the topic/phenomenon of environment versus development has been in the limelight. Nowhere is the clash more evident/visible than inChina, where the largest population confronts deforestation, pollution and acid rain on a range scale.
2、细节描绘
例：04年作文题
The (a set of) cartoon depicts a vivid scene in which an athlete dripping sweat is rushing to the end. Unquestionably/Undoubtedly/Beyond doubt, he wins the game but it is not the key message conveyed/implied/delivered by the picture. Apparently/Basically, the striking feature is that there is a line marked as both “the start” and “the end”, which means after the player came to the finishing-line, a new race is waiting to him.
另：对于图表描述不光要用上升下降等词，还要使用比较句型结构。
compare with/to
…as much as that…
more than, less than
by 2000, [the number reach the peak/bottom]/[the largest number appeared].
（二） 议述
引言句+分论点、事实信息罗列
如：As a matter of fact, the purpose of the drawer/drawing is to make us [pay high/more attention to…]/[rethink/have a fresh look at…].
例一：兼职part-time job
brainstorming
I. Advantages:
↗pocket money
①make money →follow interest
↘tuition fees
↗on one’s own
↗life→make friends
②experience ↘custom, culture
↘work→lay a solid foundation for future career
↘be familiar with new fields
II. Disadvantages:
①money: be so young that they are bound to be cheated/be induced to do…
②experience→science and technology accelerate/speed up → invalid
↘hurt/injury/do harm to/endanger
III. what should we do?
①a second language
②computer operation and application
③后果degrade one’s academic performance
完整表述：
Acquiring knowledge at school without practical work experience is like working on one leg. Occasionally, although a student could attain some experience, nevertheless/yet such experience too frequently is [valid or even harmful]/[a bane rather than a boon]. That is to say, its demerits outweigh merits. Why? This is natural and necessary. Not only may the acceleration of science and technology bring about new tools/skills with each passing day, but also our work circumstances will change as the society develops. The fact that college students must get a good command of a second language as well as master the operation and application of computer requires them not to do part-time job. If they take part-time job, their energy and time will not be enough and their academic will degrade.
作文
例二：出国留学
brainstorming
↗ dream of (doing)
原因（好处）→ the mere way to achieve success
↘ curricula arrangement, teaching method
↓why?/how?/which channel?
good learning condition
↓what?
up-to-date teaching equipment
first-class research facilities
world famous professors
坏处：money → tuition fees 而在国内don’t worry about
↘ living expense
communication: language and cultural barrier 而在国内parent’s care and support facilitate
例三：盗版问题（最新光盘，四元一张；港台歌曲，十元三盒；流行书刊，一律二折）
（乾坤大挪移）Nowadays, the problem of piracy has been in the limelight. According to the cartoon we could find that books, VCDs, tapes and other high-tech products have been copied. When a new product enters into the market, we are bound to discover that its pirated counterpart will soon swarm/flood into the same market. Never in the nation’s history has the problem of piracy been more severe than now.
There is no denying that pirated commodities has not only resulted in a great loss to producer /manufacturers, inventors and writers, but also disturb/have a confusion in the market. Why? In that the pirated goods often cost less than the original ones, they enjoy a pretty good selling in spite of their shoddy quality. The genuine ones, however/by contrast, sell poorly. A current investigation/study/ report/survey/poll indicates/manifests/reveals that consumers spend approximately ￥20 billion on the pirated counterparts instead of the genuine ones annually. In addition, such pirated product, especially books, will do harm to/endanger the producers’ reputation due to too many misprinting.
（三） 结论
另：养宠物话题
With the quickening pace of modern life and fierce competition in the society, many people feel a sense of loneliness, not only because of the lack of normal communication in the family but also since absence of intercourse among the neighborhood. Cats and dogs or other pets will fill your void.
1、 总结性发言
例：养宠物
[Taking into account all the factors]/[which has been discussed above], we can safely come to a conclusion that keep-pets has both positive and negative influences. What we must do is to make sure that not only are its benefits encouraged and developed/retained but also we have to strive to/attempt to/endeavor to eliminate its unfavorable impacts.
2、 号召与后果
例：腐败现象
It is time that our government/authority should speak out against corruption and take firm/strong/stern action to punish him whoever takes bribes and embezzles funds. For the official corruption [if permitted to continue]/[If let this situation go as it is] will tarnish the government’s popularity/image and may lead to ultimate/terminate downfall.
3、 具体的建议
例：学生吸烟比率上升
In any case, we ought to do more than talk about the rise in student smoking. Our high schools and colleges must bring in some cancer experts/specialists/researchers who run films/slides for students, showing the dreadful consequence caused by cigarette smoking. We can also arrange/schedule visits to hospital wards for lung cancer patients. In short, we should take student smoking seriously.
作文
二、应用文
书信
↗①语气 / 措辞客气
公务信件→②格式：开头（写明目的）、结尾（期待回音）
↘③词汇 / 语法（言简意赅，长句最多25个字）
另：无论是大作文还是小作文，都不用些标题，如果想写则须注意以下问题：
①实词大写；②字母长度大于等于4个的虚词大写；③第一个单词的位置，不论实词还是虚词都要大写；④动词短语不做标题
补充：1、投诉信（换宿舍）
Dec.29th, 2004
Dear Sir or Madam/To whom it may concern/Dear Mr. Dean Zhang,
I’m writing to inform you that I wish to moving to a new room next term. I prefer a single room, as I rind the present sharing arrangement inconvenient.
I must explain that the reason for dissatisfaction is my roommate’s inconsiderate behavior. For one thing, his friends constantly visit him; for another, he regularly holds noisy parties. In addition, he too often borrows my private things without my permission. Consequently, I find it difficult for me to concentrate on my studies.
I’m sure that you will agree that I must move into a room of my own, where I would be far from such distraction. I would be grateful if you would take my requirement into consideration, as well as provide me with a room, preferably not in the same building but as near to college campus as possible.
Yours faithfully
XXX
2、感谢信（感谢车祸中及时救助你的人）
I’m writing to express my heartful gratitude. I’m referring to the unfortunate crash, when I was knocked off my bike by a taxi. But for your timely taking first aid and sending me to a nearby hospital, I fear that the consequence might have been much more serious.
The doctor says that my broken leg is healing well, and cuts and bruises will soon be completely better, what’s more, the taxi company agreed to pay my hospital bills. Everyone holds that it is your quick-witted action in the emergency that has led to satisfactory outcome.
Although many people talk about the need to be unselfish and to ready to help others, we see few people practicing what they preach. You showed by your selfless action that you are an exception. If there are more people like you, the world would be a much nicer one.
3、求购 / 预定信（为朋友庆祝生日）
I’m preparing a birthday party for a friend, and writing o inquire if you restaurant could offer private rooms with catering service. If so, I want to reserve one room for next Friday (oct.16th) from 5 p.m. to 9 p.m.
The room should be big enough to accommodate more than 50 people comfortably. And the party will be hold in a cocktail style; therefore a majority of us will be standing up for most of the time. So ten chairs are needed in the room. If there isn’t a bar, a drinks table should be set up. For entertainment, Karaoke of Disk jockey may be acceptable.
Will you please contact me in two days? You can reach at 13820XXXXXX in the daytime and at 2737XXXX in the night. Thanks for you consideration once more.
特殊句型与结构
1、more…than…
①beyond超越
例：Her beauty is more than words can describe.
②与其……不如……，more后是“不如”than后是“与其”
例：His works seem more likely a collection of separate scenes than a novel.
2、little/no more than仅仅
例：Of him little is known more than he’s a doctor.
3、nothing else than/but=nothing but只不过是；完全是
例：①What the man said was nothing else but nonsense. “完全是”
②I have done nothing else than finishing my tasks. “只不过是”
4、rather than否定后者肯定前者
例：①He was reading newspaper rather than writing letters.
②He rather than you should be responsible for the loss.
5、not so much A as B与not A but B不同，前者AB均可取，但强调B，后者表不取A取B
6、not possibly表完完全全、根本地否定，“根本不”的意思
例：Their views couldn’t possibly be misunderstood.
7、not…nearly as much as远远不如
例：The earth does not pull the cat to it nearly as much as it pulls a big rock.
8、to say nothing of=not to speak of=not to mention表加
例：①She takes singing and dancing lesson, not to speak of swimming.
②At that moment, he could not afford food, not to speak of luxuries.
9、all but后加形容词则表almost；后加名词则表all except
例：①Failure, for them, become all but impossible.
②All but little children thought the trip was exciting.
10、other than除掉，不同于
例：Reactions other than desired ones often happen.
11、not…but…不是……而是……
12、as well as注意并列的对象
例：①He agrees with you as well as I. 表He与I的并列
②He agrees with you as well as me. 表you与me的并列
其他
没有必要通读全文，遇到代词和一词多译的情况要结合上下文；此外出现的人名地名需要译的，约定的，如纽约，牛顿要写成规范的中文，对于非约定的，可根据读音编个中文然后后面加括号附上英文。
解题技巧：
1、就近原则寻找信息线索；
2、选项中出现时间年代时，往往要注意与原文中年代的前后对应关系；
3、选项中出现代词时，往往该选项不能放在首句，要注意指代成立的条件。
4、绝对选项常是干扰项，意思太泛太窄要小心；
5、警惕无关离题词，两项相近有答案；
6、选项对比原文时，与原文重复或同义改写的字越多的往往就是正确选项；
7、总体观、相互补，做题不用按顺序，选先做易后做难，莫忘近邻上下文；
8、放在段尾的名字有时也会有提示词：①因果连词；②总结性连词；③转折性连词