【初中生必会英语知识】十分钟掌握-巧记 that 与 who(whom)的异同

巧记 that 与 who(whom)的异同

1.相同点:

that和 who引导定语从句时都可指人,在定语从句中作主语或宾语,作宾语时可省略。

Do you know the man that/who spoke at the meeting just now?你认识刚才在会议上讲话的那个人吗?(指人,作主语)

He is the man(that/who/whom) they talked about just now.他就是刚才他们谈论的那个人。(指人,作宾语,可省略)

She is the very person(who/that/whom) you are looking for.她恰是你正在找的人。

2.不同点

(1)如果先行词(指人)作表语,关系代词只能用that,而不能用who。如:

He isn't the man that he used to bes=He isn't what he used to be.他已不是原来的那个样子了。

(2)在非限定性定语从句中,先行词指人时不能用 that 而要用who(whom)。如:

Last week I met Jim, who seemed very worried.上周我碰到了吉姆,他好像很焦虑。

On the second floor,there lived a young man, who was an art- ist. 二楼住着一位青年画家。

(3)关系代词前有介词时,只能用whom。如:

The man to whom you spoke just now is our English teacher.你刚才同他说话的那个人是我们的英语老师。

(4)当先行词和关系代词被介词短语分离时(即分离式定语从句)一般只用 who。如:

I was the only person in my office who was invited.我是我们办公室里唯一被邀请的人。

Do you know the woman in blue with a baby on her back who is working in the field.你认识那个穿着蓝色衣服,背上背着一个孩子,正在田里劳动的妇女吗?

(5)一个句子里若有两个定语从句且先行词指人时,关系代词一个用 that,另一个宜用 who,以免重复。如:

The boy that was praised at yesterday's meeting is the student who studies very hard.

昨天在会上受到表扬的那个男孩,是一位学习努力的学生。

(6)当先行词为代词 he,they,those(指人)和不定代词(one,any

one,everyone)时,只能用who。如:

Anyone who failed in the English exam should be criticized.英语考试不及格的同学应该受到批评。

Those who want to visit the Great Wall must be here at eight tomorrow moming.想去参观长城的同学,明天早上八点必须到这儿。

He who does not reach the Great Wall isn't a true man.不到长城非好汉。

He who would climb the ladder must begin at the bottom.千里之行,始于足下。

(7)指人的先行词位于 there be 后时,一般用 who,而不用that。如:

There is a comrade who wants to see you.有一位同志想见你。

There is a student who wants to ask you some questions.有位同学想问你几个问题。