表语从句
助记歌诀:
系动词之后接从句,
语序按照陈述句;
三个系动词常用到,
look,seem and be。
1.用作表语的从句叫做表语从句,它只能放在主句中的连系动词(多数是 be)之后。
引导表语从句的关联词有:连接副词 when,where,why,how;连接代词 what,who,which;从属连词 that,because 等。句型:主语 +连系动词(作谓语)+ 表语从句
Themost frightening thing of all was that no sound could be heard in the cave.最可怕的事情是这个洞里连一点儿声音也听不见。
Her son wasill.That is why she didn't go to work this morning.她儿子病了,那就是她今天上午没有上班的原因。
The question is whether Mr. White can arrive in Singapore by tomorrow afternoon.问题是怀特先生是否能在明天下午以前到达新加坡。
The old house is where Peter had worked.这幢旧房子是彼得曾经工作过的地方。
The problem is who we can get to replace her.问题是我们能找到谁去替换她呢。
The question is how he did it.问题是他是如何做此事的。
2.连系动词 look 后接 as if引导的表语从句,从句根据情况跟陈述语气或虚拟语气。如:
Yoy look as if you have had a good time.你看上去好像过得很愉快。
She looks as if she were a rich woman.她看起来是个有钱的女人。
3. because,why 和 that 均可引导表语从句,且都可表示原因,其区别在于:
(1)上文已交代结果,表语从句表示原因时,用 because 引导。
He didn't go to school yesterday. That is because he was ill他昨天没去上学,那是因为他生病了。
(2)上文已交代原因,表语从句表示结果时,用 why引导。
He was ill yesterday. That's why he didn't go to school.他昨天病了,那就是他没去上学的原因。
(概括为:前因后果用 why;前果后因用 because )
(3)The reason why…is/was…结构以及由 what 引导的主语从句(表原因),均用 that引导表语从句。
The reason why he didn't go to school yesterday was that he was ill.他昨天没去上学的原因是他病了。
What caused the accident was that the driver was too care less.引起这次事故的原因是司机太粗心。
4.what 和 that 的区别
在名词性从句中,what是代词,在从句中起双重作用:
①引导从句。
②作从句的一个成分;主语、宾语或表语,而 that 只是连词,不作从句的任何成分。
What surprised me most was that he had become so old.最让我惊讶的是他变得如此苍老。
(what 在主语从句中起主语的作用,而 that 在后面的表语从句中只是连词)
What he said at the meeting surprised everybody present.他所说的话使在场的每个人都感到吃惊。
That the headmaster said nothing at the meeting surprised everyt body present.校长在会上什么也没说使每位出席会议的人感到惊奇。
The problem is what we should do to protect the earth.问题是我们应该采取什么措施来保护地球。
The fact is that we should do something to protect the environ ment around us.事实是我们应该采取一定的措施来保护我们周围的环境。
比较上面的例句,不难发现 what 不仅引导从句,而且在从句中作宾语;如果没有 what,从句结构就不完整;而 that 只是引导从句的作用,在从句中不充当任何成分,也没有任何词意,that 引导的是一个结构相对完整的陈述句。
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