辨析角度复习词汇:
1.以构成形式为突破口进行辨析:
1).差一冠词,意义不同:
in charge of 负责 in the charge of 由。。。负责
in possession of 占有 in the possession of 由。。。所占有
by sea 乘船 by the sea 在海边
out of question 没问题 out of the question 不可能
at table 在吃饭 at the table 在桌边
2).有无介词,意义不同:
answer answer for对。。。负责,偿还 search search for leave leave for 离开去某地
reach reach for 伸手去拿 enter enter for 报名参加 run run for
stand stand for pay pay for 付钱买某物 prepare prepare fpr
3).词序颠倒,意义不同:
before long long before much too too much
turn in in turn hand in in hand 在手边
work hard hard work from far 来自远方 far from 离得远,远非
if only only if
4).是分是和,意义不同:
so as to so…as to sometimes some times
sometime some time everyday every day
altogether all together everyone every one
none no one
5).差一字母,用法不同:
alone lonely asleep sleep alike like arise产生,发生,出现 rise
await vt. 等候 wait across prep. cross v. 横越 adj. 交叉的,易怒的 aloud loud
2.以词汇意义为突破口进行辨析:
1).意义内涵不同:
【destroy , damage , ruin】
The boy ruined the beautiful picture with ink on purpose. (不可修复)
His hope of being a singer was destroyed. (不可修复)
The heavy rain damaged a lot of houses. (可修复)
【quiet , silent , still】
Be quiet and get on with your work.. 安静的,寂静的。表自然环境,表生性安静,不易激动。
You must learn when to speak and when to keep silent. 表沉默的。表示不说话,不弄出声音。
The air is so still that the smoke is rising straight up from the fire. 安静的,不动的。指人表面无动作。
【occur , happen , take place】
It was unfortunate that this accident should happen / occur. 偶然发生,碰巧。常指不好的事情。
It occurred to him that he should go to see a dentist. 与happen 可互换。occur to sb. / sth. 思想出现在意识中。
The official opening of the store will take place next week. 指必然会发生的事情,无被动。还有举行活动。
【argue , debate , quarrel】
The new couple are always quarrelling about so little family income. 指因愤怒而争吵。
The workers argue for the right for a public holiday. 通过提出理由进行论证。
First, let me introduce to everyone both sides of today’s debate. 指正式的辩论。
【fit , match , suit】
This coat doesn’t suit you. 多指颜色、款式、质地等适合,合乎需要、口味、性格、条件和地位等。
This coat doesn’t fit you. 多指大小、尺寸、形状合适、合身。
This tie doesn’t match this coat. 多指大小、形状、颜色、性质等方面的搭配。
【matter , affair , business 】
I could do nothing to help you since the matter has gotten into such a mess. 侧重麻烦或异常的事情、毛病。
Before going away, he arranged his business affairs. 一般为较重大的事件,也可泛指事务,要用复数。
Tom is the black sheep of his family. He has almost ruined his father’s business. 生意,行业,事情,事务
【normal , common , ordinary , usual , regular 】
As is known to all, snow is common in cold countries. 常见的,一般的。 common sense / knowledge
Are you returning home at the usual time today? 通常,往常,一贯如此。 as usual
Tom Sawyer was an ordinary American boy who kept getting into trouble. 普通的,平常的,平凡的。
A new regular bus service to Tianjin Airport started to operate two months ago. 有规律的,定期的,经常的。
My life was delighted that things had returned to normal once again. 正常的,智力,精神正常的。
【opposite , contrary 】
His house is opposite to mine. 指位置、方向、地位、意义等对立的、相反的。be opposite to 在。。。对面。
This is something quite contrary to my expectations. 主张、看法行为等相反的,含有互相冲突,不一致。
【realize , recognize , know 】
He didn’t realize his mistake until his mother told him. 认识到,意识到,实现,完成。
It’s hard for me to recognize his voice on the phone. 认出,辨认,承认。为短暂性动词,不接时间段作状语。
We have known each other for many years. 知道,了解,熟悉,认识。可接时间段作状语。
【scene , scenery , sight , view 】
The scene after the earthquake was horrible. 指展现在眼前的情景,也可指scenery的一部分。含景物中的人。
He had a chance to see the historical sights of London. 指场景、眼前看到的景观。可指名胜、风景。用复数。
Hangzhou is world-famous for its beautiful scenery. 指某地总的自然风景或景色,尤指美丽的乡间景色。
There is a fine view of the mountain from our hotel. 指从远处或高处看到部分景色。
【separate , divide 】
Please separate the good apples from the bad ones. 把聚合在一起的事物、东西分开,常与from 连用。
Please divide the apple into two parts. 把一个整体分成若干部分,常与into 连用。
【struggle , fight 】
The soldiers fought bravely in the battle. 打仗,战斗,主要指肉体上的对抗。常指打架。
On arriving at the shore, the girl struggled up the cliff towards the light she had seen.挣扎,斗争。指肉体和精神
上的搏斗。暗指在艰难处境中奋力挣扎。
【broad , wide 】
She lost her heart to the soldier with the broad shoulder and the deep voice. 指某物覆盖面的范围,肩、背、胸。
His reading covers a wide range of subjects. 着重指边沿间相隔的距离以及广泛之意。
【cause , reason , excuse 】
I don’t know the cause and effect. 起因,原因,指引起某种结果的必然原因。常与of 搭配。强调事实。
There are many reasons for animals dying out. 理由,原因,用于解释已发生事情的理由,借口。常与for连用。强调逻辑推理,理由不一定真实。
I haven’t done the work well; my excuse is that I have been ill. 指免受指责或推卸责任而找的理由、原因,即借口。常与for 连用。
【advantage , benefit , profit 】
It is to your advantage to invest wisely. 好处或利益,所获之物。
Young people get great benefit from reading. 指各方面的受益。
Their investment has brought them a lot of profit. 多指金钱方面的利益、利润。
【bravery , courage 】
He showed great bravery in saving the drowing child. 勇敢,指处于某种紧迫情况下大胆无畏的行动勇气。
Although blinded by the explosing, he faced the future with courage. 勇气,勇敢,指使人面对危险、困难、痛苦等而不感到惧怕的精神力量。
【character , characteristic , quality , personality 】
He has a changeable character. 品质,性格特色,特征,个人、集体或范畴的区别特征或属性。
What characteristics distinguish the Americans from the Canadians? 指与众不同的特征。
Modesty is one of his good qualites. 品质,指个体的特点,尤指好的品质。
His personality left a deep impression on us. 个性,指个人聚集的品质、行为、脾气、情绪和精神的性格。
【circumstance , surrounding , environment , occasion 】
In normal circumstances I would have resigned immediately. 环境,情形,形势,多用复数。
He didn't pay much attention to his surroundings. surrounding 只能做形容词。surroundings 为周围的事物,指一个人四周的生活环境。
Children need a happy home environment. 环境,一般用单数,强调环境对人的感受,道德的影响。
He seized the occasion to invited her home for dinner. 时机,机会。
【cost , price , charge , expense 】
Living costs are higher in cities than in the country. 耗费,成本。包括对某事所付出的一切费用、时间、劳力。
It must be done at any price. 价格。指商品出售时所定的价格。还有代价。
How much is the charge for this coffee? 零花钱或给予服务后索要的费用。
His parents decided to cut down his expenses at college. 多用复数,指大量的花费、支出。如求学、旅游。
【energy , force , power , strength 】
Young people usually have more energy than the old. 指人在活动中表现出的生机勃勃的“力”。
He had to use force to get the lid off the can. 指为克服阻力而运用或发挥出来的“力量”。
You can really feel the power of the sun here. 含义最广,包括一切抽象和具体的力。
He hasn’t got enough strength to get out of bed. 指人或物体内在的耐力、抵抗力、气力。
【heart , mind 】
He married the girl of his heart. 侧重情感之心。
We expect there to be more students with good mind. 侧重理智之心。
【especially , specially , particularly 】
The Great Wall had been added to, rebuilt and repaired, especially during the Ming Dynasty. 尤其
These books are specially written for beginners. 指为某一特别目的而做。
He was particularly / especially interested in the stories about kings. 意义相仿,常可通用。
Rice grows well in their county, especially in their village.
2).动作结果不同:
advise persuade / look for find / look see / listen hear / try manage / treat cure
3).动作状态不同:
begin be on catch fire be on fire
4).主观客观不同:
receive accept
5).直接间接不同:
hear hear of know know of learn learn of
6).有无—ly的副词不同:
①无—ly的副词表具体意义, 有—ly的副词表抽象意义。
wide widely deep deeply high highly low lowly close closely
②有无—ly的副词,意思不同:
Near nearly hard hardly most mostly dear dearly late lately bad badly
【buy , cost , pay , spend , take 】
buy:指购买。常见搭配:buy sb. sth.; buy sth. for sb. / sth.
cost:指花钱、时间、劳力等。. Sth. cost sb sth.
pay: 指花钱.常见搭配:Sb. pay money for sth.
spend: :指花钱、时间等。常见搭配:Sb. spend …in doing sth. / on sth.
take: 主要指花时间。常见结构:It takes / took sb. some time to do sth.
【offer , supply , provide 】
Josie offered him 500 dollars to do the work.
Our farm supplies the market with fruits and vegetables.
The school provided books for the children.
【be known as , be known for , be known to , be known in 】
be known as +名词表示一个人的身份、职业等。 “作为。。。而著名”
be known for +名词表示某人或某物的特点、特长。 “因。。。而著名”
be known to + 表示人的词语。 “为。。。所了解、知道”
be known in + 表地点的词语。
四、拼写角度对比词汇:
1.容易漏写字母的词:
1).易漏写不发音字母的词:
Christmas cupboard handkerchief handsome exhibition whisper neighbor fasten doubt
sandwich Wednesday climb comb
2).易漏写双字母的词:
necessary quarrel permission excellent interrupt satellite address pressure committee
personally command carriage arrest mirror balloon pillow pattern announce cattle
cigarette funny passenger rubbish suddenly
3).易漏写元音字母的词:
familiar official temperature before interest bargain century anxious convenient
exercise experience material mountain restaurant forehead soldier
4).易漏写福音字母的词:
government autumn chimney butcher bridge February knowledge lawyer
2.容易多字母的词:
ninth forty against August similar habit altogether Thursday college forbid library proud
3.容易混淆的词:
1).词形相似易混淆的词:
peasant 农民 / present 礼物 、现在 parents 父母
broad 宽的 / board 木板 / abroad 在国外
difficult 困难的 / different 不同的 ; attract 吸引 / attack 袭击
explode 爆炸 / exploit 开采,开发 ; familiar 熟悉的 / similar 类似
pollution 污染 / population 人口 / popularity 人气指数,普及
quality 质量 / quantity 数量 / equality 平等 / inquality 不平等
shadow 影子,阴影 / shade 阴凉处 / shed 棚屋,小屋
2).异性同义易混淆的词:
动词 Vs 名词: advise advice / affect effect / weigh weight / bathe bath / believe belief / recover recovery / discover discovery / dicide dicision / explain explanation / lose loss / serve service / succeed success / pronounce pronunciation / enter entrance
/ permit permission / prepare preparation / argue argument / arrive arrival / choose choice
/ envelop envelope
名词 Vs 形容词: health healthy / society social / absence absent / width wide / length long / height high / nature natural / science scientific / honesty honest / anger angry /
difficulty difficult / hunger hungry / noise noisy / safety safe / happiness happy / center central / value valuable / youth young
形容词 Vs 副词: happy happily / luck luckily / angry angrily / simple simply / true truly / terrible terribly
3).字母组合ei 和 ie 易混淆的词:
receive , seize , foreign , ceiling , chief , thief , friendship , believe , achievement , twentieth , achieve
4).字母a 和 e 易混淆的词:
advance , advantage , dollar , adventure , grammar , umbrella , operate , separate
5).易将词尾or 写成er 的词:
professor , visitor , tailor , sailor , author , inventor , conductor , emperor , monitor , director , actor , translator
6).字母 s 和 c 易混淆的词:
percent , university , electricity , sense
7).易颠倒字母的词:
modern , garden , true , destroy , silence , Wednesday , secretary , cigarette , calm , according , cruel , fuel , false , fruit , Paris
4.因未掌握语法规则易误写的词:
stomachs , thieves , photos , patatoes , tomatoes , heroes , roofs , foxes , Germans , offered , occurred , permitted , written , bitten , referred , cost , studying , regretting , beginning , chatting , writing , hotter , thinner , fatter , bigger ,
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