“介词 + 关系代词”引导的定语从句
1.关系代词在定语从句中作介词的宾语时,介词可以提前放在关系代词的前面,也可以放在原来的位置上。
当介词放在关系代词的前面时,关系代词只能用 which 或 whom,不能用 that 或who。但含有介词的短语动词一般不拆开,介词仍放在动词的后面。
常见的有:listen to,look at, depend on, pay attention to, take care of 等。
2.短语动词的辨别方法:如果把介词去掉,动词本身失去了那个短语动词的意义,则属于短语动词。
但如果把介词去掉,动词本身还保持着其基本意义,那它就不属于短语动词。如:
look for 是短语动词,因为如果把 for 去掉,look不具有“寻找”的意义。
live in 不属于短语动词,因为如果把 in 去掉,live 仍保持“居住”这一意义。
(1)The film about which they are talking is very interesting
The film which/that they are talking about is very interesting.他们正在谈论的那部电影很有趣。
(2)This is the room in which Lu Xun once lived.
This is the room which/that Lu Xun once lived in.这就是鲁迅曾经居住过的房间。
(3)Is this the car for which you paid a high price?
Is this the car (that/which)you paid a high price for?这就是那辆你付高价买的汽车吗?
(4)Who is the lady with whom you just shook hands?
Who is the lady(whom/that) you shook hands with just now?
刚才和你握手的那个女士是谁?下列句子中介词不提前:
(5)The man(that/who/whom)I'm looking after is my father.我正在照料的那个人是我的父亲。
(6)Is this the watch which/that he was looking for?这就是他寻找的那块表吗?
(7)The children(who/whom) she is looking after are very healthy.她照看的那些孩子都很健康。
3.介词的选用原则:一先、二动、三作用(1)根据介词与先行词的搭配习惯,如:
the day on which I joined the League. the days during which I lived here.
I will rememberthe month in which I stayed there.
the place in which I was born.
the reason for which I failed in the exam.
注:在哪一天用 on,在哪些日子用 during,在哪一月份用in,在什么地方用 in,什么什么的原因用 for。
(2)根据从句中谓语动词与介词的搭配习惯,如:
on which I spent 5 yuan. for which I paid 5 yuan.
This is the book .from which I learned a lot.
about which Tom often talks.
注:spend与on搭配,pay与for搭配,learn与from搭配,talk与 about 搭配。
(3)根据句子的意义和作用而定,如:
The plane by which my father went to Shanghai was late.我父亲乘坐去上海的那架飞机晚点了。(by which 乘飞机,表方式)
②The plane on which my father worked could hold 100 per sons.
我父亲工作所在的那架飞机能容纳 100 人。(此处 on which=on the plane 表地点)
③His glasses, without which he could see nothing, fell on the ground and broke.
他的眼镜掉在地上摔坏了,没有眼镜他什么也看不见。
④His glasses,with which he saw very clearly, was bought last week.
他的眼镜是上周买的,戴上它看得很清楚。
⑤The boss in whose department Mr. Li worked looked down upon women.
李先生工作的那个部门的老板看不起妇女。
注:①表示所有关系或整体的一部分,常用 of which/ whom。如:
China has hundreds of islands, the largest of which is Tai wan.中国有数百个岛屿,台湾是最大的。
There are five foreign students in our school learning Chit nese,three of whom are from Canada. 我们学校有五个学汉语的外国学生,其中有三个来自加拿大。
②介词后面的关系词不能省略。
③“复杂介词 +关系代词”引导定语从句时,常用逗号把先行词与从句隔开。如:
He lived in a big house,in front of which stood a big tree.他住在一座大房子里,房子的前面有一棵大树。
④that 前不能用介词。
⑤关系副词可转换成“介词 +关系代词 which”。如:
Tell me the time when/at which the train leave.告诉我火车发车的时间。
You'll have some spare time when/during which you can learn English at home.你会有在家学习英语的业余时间。
This is the school where/at which I used to study.这就是我过去上学的那所学校。
Think of a place where/to which we can go for dinner.想出一个我们可以去吃晚饭的地方。
但在下列情况下,when/where 不能代替“介词 + which”。 I.since,until,after,before + which 时,不能被 when 代替。
I met Jack in 2000,since which I have never seen him我在2000年见过杰克,自从那时以来再也没见过他。
He came back at ten,until which we worked.他十点回来的,直到那时我们还在工作。
He went to school at 8,before which he read English.他八点去上学,这之前他读了英语。
Ⅱ.当on,behind,in front of,through, from, beside, around+ which 时,不能被 where 代替。
I saw a desk on which was a book.我看见一张桌子上有本书。
The house,in front of which there is a tree, is my home.那房子是我家,房前有棵树。
This is the window through which the thief came in.这就是小偷从那进来的那个窗户。
⑥“介词 + 关系副词 where”也可引导定语从句。如:
Tom hid himself behind the door, from where he could hear his mother's steps clearly.汤姆藏在门后边,从那里他可以听清楚妈妈的脚步声。
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