一、介词按其构成可分为:
1. 简单介词 at, in, on, to, since, until等。如:
He's worked there since 1998.
2. 复合介词 into, onto, out of等。如:
She is out of school. 她毕业了。
3. 二重介词 from under, from behind, from out of, until after, except in等。如:
I'm from out of town. 我是从城外来的。
4. 短语介词 because of, instead of, in spite of等。如:
I went back not because of the rain, but because I was tired.我回去不是因为下雨,而是因为我累了。
二、介词的作用:
1. 表示地点: after, along, at, below, by, of, near, over, through, under等。如:
Near the village the boys are skating on the ice. 男孩子们正在村子附近的冰上滑冰。
They lay down under the shade of a tree. 他们躺在一棵树的树阴下。
2. 表示时间: about, after, across, at, during, for, in, of, till, until等。如:
After class he will tell us about the accident. 课后他将告诉我们有关事故的情况。
A heavy rain has been falling across three days. 一场大雨下了整整三天。
The accident happened during the night. 事故发生在夜间。
3. 表示动作: at, across, around, on, over, under等。如:
The earth goes around the sun. 地球绕太阳运行。
The car is under repair. 汽车在修理中。
4. 表示比较: as, like, above, over, with等。如:
She was something like her sister. 她有几份像她的妹妹。
Chinese is much more difficult in contrast with English. 和英语相比,汉语难得多。
5. 表示原因: about, for, from, with等。如:
Don't worry about my lessons. 不要担心我的功课。
Business kept me from coming. 我因事不能来。
He was angry with what I did. 他对我所做的很气愤。
6. 表示条件: to, with, without等。如:
Without your advice, he would have failed. 没有你的忠告他可能已经失败了。
7. 表示手段、方式: as, by, in, with等。如:
He behaved as a drunkard. 他的举止如同醉汉一样。
Learn the new words by heart.记住这些生词。
We see with our eyes.我们用眼睛看。
8. 表示距离、数量: from, in, within等。如:
My house is ten miles from the school. 我家离学校十英里。
They were thirty in all. 他们总共有三十人。
9. 表示目的: as, for等。如:
I only said it as a joke. 我只是把它当作笑话讲的。
It's time for class. 到上课的时间了。
10. 表示让步: for, with等。如:
For all his effort, he didn't succeed. 虽然他做了一番努力,仍不能成功。
With all his money, he is unhappy. 尽管他有钱,但他并不快乐。
for还可以引导插入语,例如:
I, for one, shall vote against the proposal. 我也投票反对这个提议
1.与形容词搭配的词组有:
be afraid of(怕)
be angry with(生某人的气)
be away from(不在某地)
be different from(与…不同)
be good at(善于)
be good/ bad for (对…有益/有害)
be interested in(对…感兴趣)
be late for(迟到)
be/get ready for(为作好准备)
be sure of (对…有把握)
be worried about(为…感到担忧)
2.介词后常用人称代词宾格和动词-ing形式
1) You must take good care of her.
2) Thank you for teaching us so well.
3.几组易混淆的介词
A."在...之后"
in +一段时间(用于一般将来时)
after +一段时间(用于一般过去时)
after +一点时间(常用于一般将来时)
如:
The baby stopped crying after half an hour.
The baby will stop crying in half an hour.
They will visit their teacher after Friday.
B.for +一段时间
since +过去的一点时间
这两者均用于现在完成时,具体在时态部分,我会继续向同学们讲解。
C.be made of "用……制成"
be made in"由某地制造"
be made by somebody"由某人制成"
D.in,on,at表时间
in表示"在某月(季节、年等)"
如:in 1996, in January, in summer
固定词组:in the morning, in a week,in a minute,in time, in the end
on用于指具体的某一天或专指某一天上午、下午或晚上等。
如:on Christmas Day, on the night of February 16
at用于具体时刻前和某些固定词组中。
固定词组:at seven, at the moment, at night, at last, at first, at noon, at times, at once, at this time of the year, at the beginning of, at the end of this month, at the same time。
注意:在表时间里,下列情况下一般不用介词。词组里有:next, last, this, that, tomorrow, yesterday, one, every, all以及the day before yesterday和the day after tomorrow前不用介词。如:不能说in tomorrow ,只能说tomorrow(在明天)
E. except +宾格/doing something "除…之外"(不包括本身)
Everyone is at school today except Lin Tao. (同义句转换)
=Only Lin Tao isn't at school today.
F."用"交通工具by plane
用语言in English
通过媒介on /over the telephone, on /over the radio, on TV
用工具手段with a pen, with one's hands
G.between"在~和~(两者)之间"
between...and...,
between the two...
among在...之间(三者或三者以上)
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